Reliability refers to the reproducibility or repeatability of measurements.

Reliability refers to the reproducibility or repeatability of measurements.

• A. Accuracy
• B. Validity
• C. Reliability
• D. Bias

Answer: (C)

Reliability is about consistency of measurements across repeated attempts or across different observers. When you measure the same thing under the same conditions and get very similar results each time, the measurement is reliable. This focus on reproducibility and repeatability sets it apart from accuracy (how close the measurement is to the true value) and validity (whether the instrument actually measures the intended concept). A tool can be reliable but not accurate if it consistently gives the same wrong value, or both accurate and reliable if it hits the true value consistently. Bias refers to a systematic shift in measurements in one direction, which can affect accuracy and validity but isn’t the same as reliability itself.

Reliability is about consistency of measurements across repeated attempts or across different observers. When you measure the same thing under the same conditions and get very similar results each time, the measurement is reliable. This focus on reproducibility and repeatability sets it apart from accuracy (how close the measurement is to the true value) and validity (whether the instrument actually measures the intended concept). A tool can be reliable but not accurate if it consistently gives the same wrong value, or both accurate and reliable if it hits the true value consistently. Bias refers to a systematic shift in measurements in one direction, which can affect accuracy and validity but isn’t the same as reliability itself.